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A vasectomy is a permanent form of birth control, in which a man does not release sperm at the time of ejaculation. With no sperm being released, pregnancy cannot occur.
Procedure
A vasectomy takes approximately 30 minutes to perform and can be done in the doctor’s office. Because the procedure is done as an outpatient surgery, hospitalization is not necessary. For a traditional vasectomy, the man will be given IV medication to control anxiety, which will cause drowsiness. The testicles and scrotum are then cleaned with an antiseptic solution and the doctor locates the vas deferens. A local anesthetic is injected to numb the area for pain control. One or two small cuts are made in the scrotum and both vas deferens tubes are cut. The ends are then tied, stitched or burned. Stitches are placed to close the skin of the scrotum, which will dissolve on their own with no further medical treatment.
Recovery
After the surgery is completed, the scrotum will remain numb for approximately 2 hours. Doctors recommend using cold packs on the area to relieve swelling. Wearing tight fitted underwear will decrease pain. Most men will experience pain for a few days after the surgery, but can return to work within 2-3 days. It is common to experience mild pain in the testicles during sexual activity for several months after the surgery.
Benefits and Success Rate
A vasectomy provides a permanent form of birth control and is 99.85% effective at preventing pregnancy. Having a vasectomy does not affect a man’s sex drive, ability to ejaculate or sexual performance. The amount of ejaculation will remain the same. However, for approximately 2 months after the surgery, an alternate form of birth control is required to prevent pregnancy. A zero sperm count is necessary to prevent pregnancy, which will not occur until all sperm have been released during ejaculation or reabsorbed into the body. A vasectomy is considered easier and cheaper than a tubal ligation, with less complications and recovery time.
Risks and Complications
Although complications after a vasectomy are low, they do occasionally occur. Some men experience bleeding under the skin or develop an infection where the scrotum was cut. The tubes that carry sperm from the testicles can become inflamed, which can be treated with pain medication and rest. Rarely, the vas deferens can grow back together and the man will be fertile and able to fertilize a female’s egg. A vasectomy does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases and a condom should still be worn during any type of sexual activity.
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